Âryabhata

Âryabhata ( आर्यभट ) is the first of large the Astronome S of the traditional age of the India. It is born in 476 in Ashmaka but passes the essence of its life to Kusumapura which one generally identifies like Pataliputra, current the Patna, where it dies in 550. It was undoubtedly largest Indian Mathématicien. It is known Arab under the name of Aryabha and, in medieval Europe, one calls it Ardubarius. The first Artificial satellite Indian, launched on April 19th, 1965, bears its name.

Its book, the Âryabhatîya , is divided into four parts: (I) the astronomical constants and the table of the sines (II) mathematics necessary to calculations (III) the division of time and the rules to calculate the Longitude S of the Planet S by using the eccentric S and the épicycle S (iv) the Sphere armillaire, the rules relating to the problems of Trigonometry and the calculation of the eclipse S. It presents to it its theories astronomical and mathematical in which the ground is regarded as turning around its axis and the distances from planets are expressed compared to the distance Ground/Sun, obeying one heliocentric system. Âryabhata thinks besides that the planets turn around the following sun of the elliptic orbits. It analyzes the light emitted by the the Moon and planets like that of the sun reflected by these stars. In the same way, he correctly explains the eclipse S of the Sun and the Moon, whereas the generally followed Indian belief is that these phenomena are caused by the demon Rahu. In the same book, the day is considered of a sunrise to the following, while in its Âryabhata-siddhânta, it counts it one midnight to the following. It gives one 365 days duration 6 hours 12 minutes 30 seconds for the year, a too large value of a few minutes.

Âryabhata writes that 1.582.237 500 rotations of the ground are equivalent to 57.753.336 lunar orbits, an extremely precise estimate of a fundamental astronomical report/ratio (1 582.237.500/57 753.336 = 27,3964693572) and it is perhaps the astronomical constant oldest calculated with such an exactitude.

Âryabhata also gives an approximation specifies π . In the Âryabhatîya , he writes: Add four to hundred, multiply then the result by eight then add sixty two thousand then. The result is then roughly the circumference of a circle of a diameter of twenty thousand. By this rule, the relation of the circumference to the diameter is given. In other words, π ≈ 62832/20000 = 3,1416, an exact result until the fourth decimal.

Its work, Âryabhatîya is called also Ârya-Siddhânta ( आर्यसिद्धान्त ), “Siddhânta” being a generic name given to the scientific works Sanskrit S.

External bonds

Analysis of the mathematical contents of Âryabhatîya
Biography, University of St Andrew
Analysis of the astronomical contents of Âryabhatîya

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